Course Descriptions

In support of its mission, Roanoke Bible College offers the following courses of instruction.  The curriculum consists of three divisions: Biblical and Theological Studies, General Studies, and Professional Studies.  Each of these divisions is divided into subject areas as follows.

Biblical and Theological Studies

General Bible, New Testament, Old Testament, Theology

General Studies

Computer Science, English, History, Language, Mathematics, Music, Physical Education, Psychology, Science, Sociology, Speech Communication

Professional Studies

Christian Education, Counseling, Cross-Cultural Ministry, Education, General Ministry, Nonprofit Leadership and Administration, Preaching Ministry, Worship and Music Ministry, and Youth Ministry

The alphabetical prefix before each course indicates the subject area to which the course belongs (for example, EN=English).  Courses numbered in the 100’s are generally for freshmen; 200-level courses for sophomores; 300-400 level for upperclassmen.  Courses numbered less then 100 are developmental and carry institutional credit only.  Some courses list prerequisites that must be taken before a student can enroll in the course.

Computer Science

CS 031. Basic Keyboarding.                                                                                        1 hour           
Introduction to the personal computer with emphasis on keyboarding skills, introduction to Windows, and elementary word processing. (Pass/fail. Credit does not count toward graduation and is not transferable; 1 institutional credit hour.) Credit students only.

CS 131. Introduction to Computers.                                                                             1 hour
Overview of computer concepts with intermediate word processing and an introduction to the spreadsheet. Lab.

CS 132. Advanced Microsoft Word.                                                                             1 hour
Advanced projects in Word 2003, including creating calendars, tables, graphic designs, online invoice forms, and brochure layout. Lab.

CS 133. Microsoft Excel.                                                                                              1 hour
Introduction to building worksheets, creating formulas, amortization schedules, workbook linking, charting, data analysis, and sales predictions. Lab.

CS 134. PowerPoint.                                                                                                    1 hour
PowerPoint 2003 terminology, procedures necessary to create a presentation document, slide presentation. Insertion of charts, graphs, and multimedia effects will be explored. Lab.

 

CS 135. Basic Computer Literacy.                                                                             2 hours
An introduction to computers and computing. Topics include the impact of computers on society, ethical issues, and hardware/software applications, including spreadsheets, databases, word processors, graphics, the Internet, and operating systems. Lab.

CS 136. Microsoft Access.                                                                                          1 hour
Introduction to the relational database with emphasis on linking tables, creating queries, and producing custom reports. Lab.

CS 137. Microsoft Publisher.                                                                                      1 hour
Covers the basics of Microsoft Publisher, a program for people who want to create professional-looking publications without having to know design. Use of templates, flyers, brochures, postcards, invitations, and pamphlets. Lab.
Prerequisite: CS 131 or competence. 

 

Counseling

CO 323. Introduction to Counseling.                                                                         3 hours
Study of basic counseling techniques and application to a wide range of problems.
Prerequisite: PS 125.

CO 324. Counseling Theories.                                                                                  3 hours
Study of a wide range of current practices with emphasis upon effective strategies.
Prerequisite: CO 323.

CO 327. Developmental Psychology.                                                                        3 hours
Study of psychological development from conception through adulthood. Same as ED 327.
Prerequisite: PS 125.

CO 423. Marriage and Family Counseling.                                                               3 hours
Theory and practice of marriage and family counseling, including a systemic approach to family therapy.
Prerequisite: CO 323.

CO 424. Cross-Cultural Counseling.                                                                         2 hours
Designed to help students develop cross-cultural counseling skills by becoming aware of cultural differences. An emphasis is placed on self-awareness.

CO 425. Counseling Practicum I.                                                                                1 hour
Application of counseling techniques and principles in supervised counseling situations, as described in course syllabus, accompanied by regular seminar sessions. Possible field experiences include prison settings, schools, and churches. Counseling minors only.
Prerequisite: CO 323.

CO 426. Counseling Practicum II.                                                                             2 hours
A continuation of CO 425. Counseling minors only.
Prerequisite: CO 425.

CO 427. Crisis Counseling.                                                                                       2 hours
An examination of paradigms of crisis counseling that can be used in either Christian or secular settings. Emphasizes practical techniques that can be used by ministers and other professional counselors.

 

CO 428. Abnormal Psychology.                                                                                3 hours
Study of dysfunctional behaviors with emphasis upon preventive action.
Prerequisites: PS 125; senior standing or permission of instructor.

CO 499. Directed Readings & Research.                                                            1 to 3 hours
An individualized course that enables a student to study material not in the curriculum or to facilitate an in-depth academic exploration of a particular area of interest.
Prerequisite: permission of instructor.

Cross-Cultural Ministry

CC 181. Missions.                                                                                                     3 hours
An overview of Christian missions: encompasses the theological basis, methodologies, personnel requirements, and current issues challenging missions.
Corequisite: EN 036 or competence.

CC 183. The Role of Prayer in Missions.                                                                    1 hour
An exploration of the vital role of prayer in various mission enterprises. Analyses and discussions include success stories of individual missionaries as well as mission movements.

CC 285. Discovery Intensive: Discovering Your Place in Bible Translation.            1 hour
An overview of Christian missions: encompasses the theological basis, methodologies, personnel requirements, and current issues challenging missions.
Corequisite: EN 036 or competence.

CC 286. Cultural Anthropology.                                                                                 3 hours
Study of social and cultural development and behavior of man; relating Bible truth within cultural contexts. Alternate years.
Prerequisite: CC 181.

CC 317. Introduction to Linguistics.                                                                           3 hours
Introduction to an application of basic linguistic theory. Grounding in the internal structure of language through study of pragmatics, semantics, syntax, morphology, and phonology. Application through study of language variation, first and second language acquisition, written language, and language processing. Alternate fall semesters. Same as ED 317.
Prerequisites: EN 233, EN 234.

CC 384. World Religions.                                                                                          3 hours
Study of major non-Christian religions that shape the thinking and lives of people in contemporary society. Considering the historic development, the characteristic beliefs and practices, and the impact of these faiths in America and around the world with a view to promoting appreciation for Christianity and effective inter-religious communication.

CC 385. Foundations of World Religions.                                                                  3 hours
An introduction to the theories, origin, and function of religion. A survey of primitive and basic religions and a study of the major religions of the world, classified by their geographical area of origin: those tracing their beginnings to India, China and Japan, and the Middle East. Finally, a study of the response of Christianity to these world religions. Distance.

CC 387. Islam and Missions.                                                                                    2 hours
An overview of Christian missions: encompasses the theological basis, methodologies, personnel requirements, and current issues challenging missions.

 

CC 417. TESOL Materials and Methods.                                                                   3 hours
Introduction to methods for teaching English to speakers of other languages. Historical perspective and current trends are presented. Specific language skills are addressed, along with assessment methods and selection of teaching materials. Observation of ESL classroom activities is required. Alternate fall semesters. Same as ED 417.
Prerequisites: EN 233, EN 234.

CC 480. Mission Internship Preparation.                                                                    1 hour
Planning and preparing for an internship with a recognized mission.
Prerequisites: junior standing, CC 181.

CC 481. Mission Internship.                                                                                      3 hours
Supervised work on field with veteran missionary; credit to be granted upon completion of service and report.
Prerequisite: CC 480.

CC 485. Introduction to Islam.                                                                                   3 hours
Study of major non-Christian religions that shape the thinking and lives of people in contemporary society. Considering the historic development, the characteristic beliefs and practices, and the impact of these faiths in America and around the world with a view to promoting appreciation for Christianity and effective inter-religious communication. Distance.

CC 486. Life and Work of the Missionary.                                                                 3 hours
Study of the personal and family life of the missionary; his relationship to sending churches, fellow missionaries, and national church leaders; responsibilities in areas of ministry. Alternate years.
Prerequisite: CC 317, CC 380, CC 384/385.

CC 499. Directed Readings & Research.                                                            1 to 3 hours
An individualized course that enables a student to study material not in the curriculum or to facilitate an in-depth academic exploration of a particular area of interest.
Prerequisite: permission of instructor.

Education

ED 123. Child Health, Safety, and Nutrition.                                                              2 hours
Study of environmental and hereditary factors influencing children’s health today with an emphasis on safety precautions and emergency procedures needed when working with children in groups. Also, a focus on nutritional concepts and recommended nutritional guidelines established for children. Nutrition and health related activities will be developed for teaching health concepts to children. Alternate fall semesters.

ED 220. Teaching Children and Youth.                                                                      3 hours
This course explores effective teaching in religious settings. The format serves as an introduction to developmental characteristics, lesson plans and classroom management techniques for teaching from birth through adolescence. Practical experiences working with youth in various church settings will be required.

ED 221. Classroom Management.                                                                             2 hours
Presentation of concepts and strategies based on research that will enable the teacher to create a positive classroom and school climate, organize and manage the classroom, improve instruction, deal with classroom discipline problems, and develop individualized plans for students experiencing serious behavioral problems. Focus will be on the broad issues and specific skills involved in effective classroom management, and working collegially in responding to unproductive student behavior. 20 hours of volunteer work in an elementary school classrooms required.

ED 222. Foundations of Education.                                                                            3 hours
This course is a comprehensive overview of the foundations of education in the United States. It is an interdisciplinary attempt (incorporating the historical, political, economic, legal, social, philosophical, and curricular foundations) to provide students with a clear understanding of the teaching profession and the issues and controversies confronting American education today. The topics covered will provide students with a broad picture of education and schooling in the United States and the basis for informed decision making about the complicated educational environment they will enter. The primary focus is to prepare reflective teachers who will be able to make informed decisions to improve and enhance the learning environment for children. 25 hours of volunteer work in elementary school classrooms required.

ED 225. Group Games and Rhythms.                                                                         1 hour
Appropriate physical activities for children pre-school through 6th grade will be examined. Emphasis placed on helping children develop fundamental skills, knowledge of rules, and sportsmanship by using developmentally based activities and games. Students learn how to plan a well rounded physical education program for children that allows for healthy competition, development of social skills, and respect for all players no matter their ability levels. Alternate fall semesters.

ED 237. Children’s Literature.                                                                                   3 hours
This course is a study of children’s literature including an overview of the history, genres, and topics appropriate for children in preschool through sixth grade. Traditional and modern works are read and critiqued. Emphasis is placed on evaluation and presentation of literature for children across the curriculum so as to instill not only an appreciation of knowledge and values gained from literature but also the aesthetic pleasure gained from reading and sharing literature.  

ED 317. Introduction to Linguistics.                                                                           3 hours
This course is an Introduction to linguistics as a tool for describing the English language including the psychological system of language and the internalized, unconscious knowledge that enables a speaker to produce and understand utterances. Content will cover the study of the major concepts involving pragmatics, phonemic transcription, semantic and syntax structures, morphological analysis, and first-language acquisition theory. Alternate fall semesters. Same as CC 317. 
Prerequisites: EN 233, EN 234.

ED 320. Creative Bible Teaching.                                                                              3 hours
Practical methods for teaching the Bible, including principles for teaching, learning, and for lesson construction. Students are guided in the step-by-step development of lesson plans. Various teaching techniques are researched, discussed, and presented in field experiences by the student. May be taken in lieu of ED 220. Distance.

ED 324. Educational Psychology.                                                                            3 hours
Study of how students learn; harmonizes teaching as an art with teaching as a science. Approaches that dichotomy through various psychological theories, concepts, and principles, coupled with the latest research in cognitive development.
Prerequisite: PS 125.

ED 327. Developmental Psychology.                                                                        3 hours
Study of psychological development from conception through adulthood. Same as CO 327.
Prerequisite: PS 125.  

ED 417. TESOL Materials and Methods.                                                                    3 hours
This course is an Introduction to methods for teaching English to speakers of other languages. Historical perspective and current trends are presented. Specific language skills are addressed, along with assessment methods and selection of teaching materials. Observation of ESL classroom activities is required. Alternate fall semesters. Same as CC 417.  
Prerequisites: EN 233, EN 234.

ED 419. Children's Ministry.                                                                                       3 hours
A course examining the principles and methods for effective ministry to children, birth through fifth grade. Special attention will be given to discipline, teaching, worship, and evangelism. Distance.

ED 420. Ministry of Education.                                                                                   3 hours
This course emphasizes the leadership and administration skills required for successful educational ministries in the local church. This course requires placement in a local church to synthesize and act upon topics covered in the course. Topics to be explored through classroom and observational assignments include vision, leadership, administration, curriculum, outreach, facilities, legal issues, volunteers, and job descriptions.
Prerequisite: ED 220.

ED 422. Teaching Reading and Language Arts.                                                        3 hours
This course will provide students with an overview of the important aspects of elementary reading instruction. Practical information about the process and content of teaching reading as well as the theoretical background and research base for best practices are explored. The content of this course will prepare you to help elementary age children develop phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary, and comprehension skills that will enable them to be successful in the classroom and enjoy reading for personal pleasure. Application of knowledge will be provided through co-requisite ED 422P.
Co-requisite: ED 422P. Prerequisite for Education-TESOL students: ED 222. Prerequisites for Cross-Cultural-TESOL students: CC 317, CC 417.

ED 422P. Teaching Reading and Language Arts Practicum.                                      1 hour
This course allows the student to develop confidence in his/her ability to teach children the skills needed for reading and experience first hand the many social, and personal factors that affect each child’s ability to learn to read. Students will learn the value Christian service as an important part of living out their faith. Application of knowledge gained in ED 422 through working with an elementary age student or with an ESL (English as a Second Language) adult.
 Co-requisite: ED 422.

ED 428. Teaching Elementary School Science and Social Studies.                       3 hours
Overview of content materials and methods appropriate for teaching science and social studies. Professional and state standards are explored and incorporated into practical experiences in lesson planning and unit development. Emphasis placed on using science and social studies concepts to develop critical thinking skills.  
Prerequisite: ED 222.

ED 429. Math Methods.                                                                                              2 hours
An overview of the concepts, skills, and strategies used to teach basic operations to preschool through sixth-grade students. Emphasis placed on developmentally appropriate materials and methods that develop inquiry and problem-solving strategies. Hands-on experience in planning and evaluating instruction through lesson development activities.
Prerequisites: ED 222 and MA 213.

English

EN 035. Study Skills Seminar.                                                                                     1 hour
The primary focus of the course is to facilitate each student's academic and personal growth by presenting needed study and self-management skills. Required for all students admitted provisionally and recommended for students whose competency test scores, SAT/ACT scores, high school GPA, and class ranking suggest they may be at risk for failure.  Credit students only. (Pass/Fail. Credit does not count toward graduation and is not transferable; 1 institutional credit hour.)

EN 036. Basic English.                                                                                              3 hours
Preparatory course for those needing to develop reading, writing, and thinking skills necessary for college success. Required for all students whose competency test scores indicate developmental work is needed. A passing grade is prerequisite to EN 233. Credit students only. (Pass/Fail. Credit does not count toward graduation and is not transferable; 3 institutional credit hours.)  

EN 233. English Composition I.                                                                                3 hours
First of a two-semester course designed to assist students in the writing of proficient prose. This section of the course emphasizes analysis of such components of rhetorical essays as audience, organization of evidence, purpose, voice, thesis development, and tone. Focus is on the following rhetorical patterns: process analysis, division and classification, comparison and contrast, cause and effect, and definition.
Prerequisite: EN 036 or competence. 

EN 234. English Composition II.                                                                                3 hours
Second semester of a course designed to assist students in the writing of proficient prose. Students may be divided into and taught in two sections on the basis of writing ability. Introduces the rhetorical pattern of argumentation and persuasion and implements the skills mastered in EN 233 through comprehensive research.  
Prerequisite: EN 233 or competence.

EN 332. American Literature.                                                                                     3 hours
Overview of American literature from the Colonial to the Contemporary periods. Various genres of literature are analyzed within each period including essays, short stories, poetry, novels, slave narratives, and plays.
Prerequisites: EN 233, EN 234.

EN 334. Christian Literature.                                                                                      3 hours
Overview of selected authors and works from the early church fathers to present-day fiction. Various genres of literature are analyzed, including letters, short stories, allegory, poetry, and novels.
Prerequisite: EN 234. 

General Bible

GB 102. Biblical Backgrounds.                                                                                  3 hours
A study of the geographical, political, social, and cultural setting of the world of the Old and New Testament. This course seeks to provide students with background that will enhance their understanding of biblical texts and affirm their historical reliability. 

GB 103. Bible Lands and Lifeways.                                                                           3 hours
Multimedia exploration of the geography and cultures of the Bible, incorporating on-site videos, interactive maps, and a variety of learning tools to help students learn their way around the Holy Land. Distance. May be taken in lieu of GB 102.

GB 104. Biblical Language Tools.                                                                            2 hours
Equips students of the English Bible to study more effectively by using new tools that begin to bridge the language gap between the original languages and the English Bible without learning the biblical languages. Elements of biblical languages, use of print and computer tools linking English Bible readers to the original languages, and application of these. (Required for BS Degree only)

GB 201. Interpreting Biblical Literature.                                                                   3 hours
A practical study of the tools, principles, and methods of literary interpretation necessary for proper application of Scripture and for the production of exegetical papers, sermons, and lessons.
Prerequisite: GB 104 or Corequisite: EN 233.

GB 402. Senior Seminar in Bible.                                                                              2 hours
A senior course designed to draw together the various courses and experiences that students have had which relate to Bible study and preparation to communicate the Biblical truth.

GB 499. Directed Readings & Research.                                                            1 to 3 hours
An individualized course that enables a student to study material not in the curriculum or to facilitate an in-depth academic exploration of a particular area of interest.
Prerequisite: permission of instructor.

General Ministry

GM 171. Ministry Formation.                                                                                      2 hours
An overview of life dynamics involved in successful Christian ministry. Included is a study of spiritual disciplines, growth and development, and spiritual gifts.

GM 271. Personal Evangelism.                                                                                 2 hours
An examination of New Testament principles of evangelism as well as various methods of evangelistic outreach. Focus on strategies and techniques for reaching prospects who have varied theological and cultural backgrounds.
Prerequisite: TH 201.

GM 372. Personal Evangelism in a Post Christian World.                                        3 hours
Examination of evangelism as it takes place in Scripture; study of different approaches to evangelism used successfully in American churches today. Emphasis on encouraging the desire and ambition to win others to Christ, as well as preparing each student to be faithful to the Biblical witness. May be taken in lieu of PM 371. Distance. 

GM 471. Ministry Seminar.                                                                                         2 hours
This course provides essential information for the student preparing to enter into Christian ministry. Topics included are family life, applying and interviewing for ministry, communication in ministry, conflict management, as well as finances and taxes for the minister. Also covered are practical aspects of ministry such as hospital visitation, calling, and time management.
Prerequisite: GM 171 and senior standing

GM 480-482. Internship in Christian Ministries: Orientation, Experience, Evaluation.        
On the job training under the direction of a field mentor in the student’s chosen area of ministry.
Prerequisite: approval of program advisor (0, 0, 6 credits)

GM 499. Directed Readings & Research.                                                           1 to 3 hours
An individualized course that enables a student to study material not in the curriculum or to facilitate an in-depth academic exploration of a particular area of interest.
Prerequisite: permission of instructor.

History

HS 144. History of the Restoration Movement.                                                          3 hours
Origin, history, present trends, and prospects of the Restoration Movement that began in the nineteenth century.  

HS 145. Restoration History.                                                                                      3 hours
Origin, history, present trends, and prospects of the Restoration Movement that began in the nineteenth century. Distance. May be taken in lieu of HS 144.

HS 147. Introduction to Archaeology: Quest for the Past.                                           1 hour
Traces the development of the quest for the past from its pursuit by pilgrims and treasure hunters through its development as a scientific enterprise. Highlights individuals, sites, and discoveries that have helped to inform our understanding of the Biblical past in the Holy Land.
           
HS 148. Archaeological Techniques: Hands-On History.                                            1 hour
Introductory study of archaeological field excavation and laboratory methods. Students will be expected to record, draw, and photograph "recovered artifacts" from an excavation and materials from the land of the Bible.

HS 241. Western Civilization I.                                                                                   3 hours
A survey of the political, religious, and social history of the Western world from the Roman Republic to the Renaissance, c. AD 1500.

HS 242. Western Civilization II.                                                                                  3 hours
A survey of the political, religious, and social history of Western civilization from the Northern Renaissance, c. AD 1500 to the present.

HS 243. North Carolina History.                                                                                 3 hours
A survey of the social, political, and economic development of North Carolina from the pre-Columbian era to the present that forms a basis for local research, teaching, and enhanced interaction in the state.

HS 247. Origins and Advancement of Islam.                                                               1 hour
An overview of the origins, beliefs, and advancement of the world's second fastest growing religion. This course aims to help students understand the worldview and practices of Muslims with a view to facilitating appropriate Christian interaction.

HS 251.  United States Government and Society.                                                     3 hours
This course is designed to present students with an overview of US government and society by (1) tracing the development of government within the United States, and (2) showing how that government has shaped American society. Included within this study is the role the United States government has played in shaping the “global worldview.”

HS 344. Church History.                                                                                             3 hours
A survey of the political, economic, social, religious, and aesthetic activities of Western civilization since the Protestant Reformation. Distance.
 

HS 499. Directed Readings & Research.                                                            1 to 3 hours
An individualized course that enables a student to study material not in the curriculum or to facilitate an in-depth academic exploration of a particular area of interest.
Prerequisite: permission of instructor.
 

Language

American Sign Language

LA 163. Introduction to ASL and Deaf Culture I.                                                        3 hours
Introduces the fundamentals of American Sigh Language (ASL) used by the Deaf Community, including basic vocabulary, syntax, finger spelling, and grammatical non-manual signals. Focuses on communicative competence. Develops gestural skills as a foundation for ASL enhancement. Introduces cultural knowledge and increases understanding of the Deaf Community.

LA 164. Introduction to ASL and Deaf Culture II.                                                       3 hours
Builds upon LA 163 and provides active development of skills gained, including vocabulary, syntax, finger spelling, and grammatical non-manual signals.

LA 263. Intermediate ASL and Deaf Culture III.                                                         3 hours
Develops vocabulary, conversational competence, and grammatical knowledge with a total immersion approach. Introduces increasingly complex grammatical aspects including those unique to ASL. Discusses culture and literature. Encourages contact with the Deaf community to enhance linguistic and cultural knowledge.
Prerequisite: LA 164 or permission of instructor.

LA 264. Intermediate ASL and Deaf Culture IV.                                                         3 hours
Builds upon LA 263.
Prerequisite: LA 263 or permission of instructor.

Biblical Hebrew 

LA 301. Hebrew I.                                                                                                       3 hours
Introduction to the grammar of Biblical Hebrew. Emphasis on vocabulary, forms, and basic syntax; includes reading of Hebrew text aloud. No knowledge of foreign languages is assumed.
Prerequisite: Grade of C or above in EN 233 or GB 104, or permission of instructor.

LA 302. Hebrew II.                                                                                                      3 hours
Continuation of the study of Hebrew grammar; completion of the strong verb and overview of weak verbs. Reading selected Hebrew prose texts.
Prerequisite: LA 301 or equivalent approved by instructor.

LA 401. Hebrew III.                                                                                                     3 hours
Equipping students to move from Hebrew text to sermon or lesson outline by beginning study of syntax, vocabulary building and emphasis on reading skills.
Prerequisite: LA 302 or equivalent.

LA 402. Hebrew IV.                                                                                                     3 hours
Continued development of skills from LA 401 with added skills of lexical analysis (word study), elementary procedures of textual criticism, and literary analysis of prose Hebrew texts; poetic texts studied as time permits.
Prerequisite: LA 401 or equivalent.  

Biblical Greek

LA 307. Greek I.                                                                                                         3 hours
Study of the forms and elementary grammar of nominal parts of speech (nouns, adjectives, pronouns); introduction to the verb; elementary vocabulary. Students will translate New Testament Greek, beginning early in the term with simple texts. Lab.
Prerequisite: EN 233 or GB 104, or permission of instructor.

LA 308. Greek II.                                                                                                        3 hours
Study of the forms and elementary grammar of verbals (finite verb, participles, infinitives); elementary vocabulary. Students will translate New Testament Greek throughout the course. Lab.
Prerequisite: LA 307 or equivalent approved by instructor.

LA 407. Greek III.                                                                                                      3 hours
Equipping students to move from original text to sermon or lesson outline by study of syntax, translation of variety of New Testament texts, and building vocabulary.
Prerequisite: LA 308 or equivalent.

LA 408. Greek IV.                                                                                                       3 hours
Continued development of skills learned in LA 407; elementary textual criticism and word studies as the final tools needed for competent exegesis.
Prerequisite: LA 407 or equivalent.

Leadership and Administration

LE 105. Introduction to Business as Missions.                                                           1 hour
“BAM,” as it is often called today, is the concept of using a business as a cross-cultural outreach tool. It is entrepreneurship in a cross-cultural setting with the purpose of building a profitable business as a platform for missions. Students will review contemporary case studies of BAM. Students will consider the unique opportunity afforded when business is considered as a mission, as well as the challenges of globalization, business planning, and strategic management.

LE 201. Nonprofit Fundraising.                                                                                  3 hours
Enables the student to develop an understanding of charitable fundraising, including strategies for annual fundraising, capital campaigns, and deferred giving. Alternate fall semesters.

LE 205. Managing Personal Finances I.                                                                      1 hour
This course is designed to give the student a basic understanding of how to manage personal finances from a Biblical perspective. Major topics include: implementing a financial plan, budgeting for consumption and savings, stewardship issues, and debt planning. 8-week course, 1st half of semester.

LE 206. Managing Personal Finances II.                                                                     1 hour
This course is designed to give the student a basic understanding of how to manage personal finances from a Biblical perspective. Major topics include: investments bonds, mutual funds, taxes, and more. 8-week course, 2nd half of semester.

LE 301. Nonprofit Management.                                                                                 3 hours
Introduces the student to nonprofit start-up, resource management, marketing, and strategic planning.

LE 302. Organizational Finance.                                                                                3 hours
Provides the student with the basic skills and principles related to understanding the financial reports of a nonprofit organization. Topics include budgeting, reporting, and assessing the financial performance for the organization.

LE 304. Servant Leadership.                                                                                     3 hours
Introduces the student to the successful model of servant leadership in a Biblical context. Characteristics of servant leadership, including integrity, humility, vision, and holiness, are explored.

LE 401. Organizational Behavior.                                                                              3 hours
Equips the student to evaluate group culture within an organization. The student will also learn how to effectively introduce change into an organization.

LE 402. Strategic Management.                                                                                 3 hours
The capstone course for the Nonprofit Leadership and Administration minor. Students integrate knowledge and skills learned in previous courses to demonstrate the ability to lead a nonprofit organization. The student will conduct a management audit of an organization and develop a report with recommendations for improving that organization. 
Prerequisites: LE 301, LE 304, LE 401.

LE 499. Directed Readings & Research.                                                            1 to 3 hours
An individualized course that enables a student to study material not in the curriculum or to facilitate an in-depth academic exploration of a particular area of interest.
Prerequisite: permission of instructor.

Mathematics

MA 012. Basic Mathematics.                                                                                      3 hours
A study of numerical function and operations. Basic algebraic operations. Credit students only. (Pass/fail. Credit does not count toward graduation and is not transferable; 3 institutional credit hours)

MA 213. College Mathematics.                                                                                   3 hours
Algebraic and geometric functions, systems of equations, use of problem-solving technology. Prerequisite: MA 012 or competence.

Music

Academic

MU 157. Music Appreciation.                                                                                     3 hours
A survey of historical periods of music and musical forms, with emphasis on sacred music. Weekly listening required. Students will be divided into and taught in three sections on the basis of their placement test scores.
The Basic section includes an introduction to musical sound, instruments, and melodic and rhythmic notation for the student with little or no previous training in the fundamentals of music. Concert attendance required.
The Advanced section includes a review of melodic and rhythmic notation as individual testing indicates need. Prerequisite: scores indicating an understanding of the fundamentals of music notation. (Meets with Honors section)
The Honors section includes a research presentation. Prerequisite: scores indicating competence in music notation. (Meets with Advanced section)

Applied

MU 151. Voice.                                                                                                             1 hour
Individual instruction; objectives set according to student’s desire and performance level. Credit students only. May be repeated for credit.

MU 153. Piano.                                                                                                             1 hour
Individual instruction; objectives set according to student’s desire and performance level. Credit students only. May be repeated for credit.

MU 159. Guitar.                                                                                                             1 hour
Individual instruction; objective set according to student's desire and performance level. Credit students only. May be repeated for credit.

Performance

MU 155. Choral Club.                                                                                                    1 hour
A group of non-auditioned mixed voices; open to all students. Appointments throughout the semester; tour in December. Individual sessions required for students exhibiting pitch difficulty; section rehearsals required for students needing additional time to master the selections. Meets 3 hours. May be repeated for credit. Offered on demand.

MU 156. The Master’s Twelve.                                                                                     1 hour
A select group of mixed voices. Appointments throughout the semester; tour in spring. Meets 2 hours. Credit students only. May be repeated for credit.

MU 158. Handbell Choir.                                                                                               1 hour
Beginners accepted. Appointments throughout the semester; tour. Meets 3 hours. May be repeated for credit. Offered on demand.

New Testament

NT 150. Life and Teaching of Jesus.                                                                         3 hours
A study of the person, work, and ideas that Jesus taught His followers as recorded in the Gospels. This course seeks to challenge students to be disciples of Jesus through focusing on His example and teaching about love and interacting with the socially marginalized.  

NT 255. Life of Christ I.                                                                                               3 hours
First in a four-semester harmonized study of the Christ of the four Gospels. Covers the beginnings of the Gospel through the first year of ministry. Distance.

NT 256. Life of Christ II.                                                                                              3 hours
Second in a four-semester harmonized study of the Christ of the four Gospels. Covers the later Galilean ministry, including the feeding of the 5,000 and the transfiguration. Distance.

NT 257. Life of Christ III.                                                                                             3 hours
Third in a four-semester harmonized study of the Christ of the four Gospels. Covers the later Judean and Perean ministries up to the final week of Jesus' life. Distance.

NT 258. Life of Christ IV.                                                                                            3 hours
Last in a four-semester harmonized study of the Christ of the four Gospels. Covers the passion through the ascension. Distance.  

NT 261. Acts of the Apostles.                                                                                    3 hours
The founding and early history of the church, with emphasis upon model conversions and other doctrinal passages.

NT 270. Life and Teaching of Paul.                                                                            3 hours
An introduction to the letters of the Apostle Paul focusing on the background and key teachings with attention to their theological relevance for the church.
Prerequisite: NT 261

NT 371. Romans.                                                                                                        3 hours
An exegetical study of the Apostle Paul's letter to the Church at Rome, noting the problems of introduction, the origins of the Roman church, and the epistle's relationship to the gospel proclaimed by Paul.
Prerequisite: GB 201.

NT 372. 1 & 2 Corinthians.                                                                                        3 hours
An exegetical study of Paul's letters to Corinth, applying the Corinthian church problems to the present day.
Prerequisite: GB 201

NT 373. Galatians.                                                                                                        1 hour
An introduction to and exegesis of Paul's letter to the Galatians focusing on Paul's apostolic identity, the relationship between Jews and Gentiles, and Paul's view of the Law.
Prerequisite: GB 201

NT 374. Prison Epistles.                                                                                            3 hours
An introduction to and exegesis of Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians, and Philemon, stressing the relationship of these letters to broad themes in Paul's teaching.
Prerequisite: GB 201.

NT 375. 1 & 2 Thessalonians.                                                                                    2 hours
Exegesis following background lectures with special attention given to related scriptures on the second coming of Christ.
Prerequisite: GB 201.

NT 376. Pastoral Epistles.                                                                                         2 hours
An introduction to and exegesis of 1 Timothy, 2 Timothy, and Titus, focusing on church polity, roles in the church, and Paul's philosophy of ministry.
Prerequisite: GB 201.

NT 381. Epistle to the Hebrews.                                                                                 3 hours
An exegetical study of the contents and meaning of the epistle in relation to the student's own personal Christian experience.
Prerequisite: GB 104 or LA 307, and GB 201.

NT 382. James.                                                                                                           1 hour
A careful study of the problems of introduction and the exegesis of the epistle featuring a practical focus.
Prerequisite: GB 104 or LA 307, and GB 201.

NT 383. Epistles of Peter & John.                                                                              2 hours
Exegesis of the epistles emphasizing practical application and examining useful preaching and teaching themes in these letters.
Prerequisite: GB 104 or LA 307, and GB 201.

NT 384. Book of Revelation.                                                                                       3 hours                       
An introduction to and exegesis of the Book of Revelation.
Prerequisite: GB 201.

NT 452. Matthew.                                                                                                        3 hours           
A survey of the background and distinct theological perspective of Matthew's Gospel followed by exegesis of selected texts.
Prerequisite: GB 201.

NT 453. Mark.                                                                                                             3 hours
A survey of the background and distinct theological perspective of Mark’s Gospel followed by exegesis of selected texts.
Prerequisite: GB 201.

NT 454. Luke.                                                                                                             3 hours
A survey of the background and distinct theological perspective of Luke’s Gospel followed by exegesis of selected texts.
Prerequisite: GB 201.

NT 455. John.                                                                                                             3 hours
A survey of the background and distinct theological perspective of John’s Gospel followed by exegesis of selected texts.
Prerequisite: GB 201.

Old Testament

OT 101. Old Testament Survey.                                                                                 3 hours
An intermediary level survey of the background, contents, and theology of the 39 books of the Old Testament. Emphasis on understanding how the OT is understood in its own context and yet speaks to our contemporary situations as Christians. Distance.

OT 210. Early Hebrew History.                                                                                  3 hours
Examines the first five books of the Old Testament for their value as a record of man’s beginning and the origin of the covenant people, Israel.

OT 321. Hebrew History and Literature I.                                                                  3 hours
Traces the sequence and significance of Hebrew history from the conquest of Canaan to the division of the Israelite nation, including a survey of the wisdom and poetic literature of the Hebrew Bible.

OT 322. Hebrew History and Literature II.                                                                 3 hours
Traces the sequence and significance of Hebrew history from the division of the Israelite nation to the return from Babylonian exile and restoration of the Judean state, including a survey of the historical context and content of each of the literary prophets of the Hebrew Bible.

OT 403. Prophets of Israel I.                                                                                      3 hours
Surveys the prophets of the ninth and eighth centuries B.C. with emphasis upon their role in Israelite history, major themes, and their relevance for today. Focuses on the use of this material for preaching and teaching.

OT 404. Prophets of Israel II.                                                                                     3 hours
Surveys the prophets of the seventh through the fifth centuries B.C. with emphasis upon their role in Israelite history, major themes, and their relevance for today. Focuses on the use of this material for preaching and teaching.

OT 423. David Narrative Literature.                                                                           3 hours
This course studies the life of David as treated in 1 Samuel 16:1-2 Samuel 5:5, with parallel biblical sources. In addition to historical concerns, this course applies the principles of studying narrative to the David story, so that students can understand and proclaim the lessons the authors of Scripture intended.
Prerequisite: GB 104 or LA 301, and GB 201.

OT 431. Psalms.                                                                                                         3 hours
This course surveys the book of Psalms. Introductory matters such as authorship, date and canonicity are treated briefly. Study includes major themes and study of a selection of individual psalms. Emphasizes learning to interpret and apply properly in personal life and sermon/lesson preparation. Prerequisite: GB 104 or LA 301, and GB 201. (3 hours)

OT 441. Isaiah.                                                                                                          3 hours
Introduction and content of Isaiah. Attention given to difficult or controversial passages, the place of Isaiah in the New Testament, the coming Messiah, and Isaiah’s message to the church today.
Prerequisite: GB 104 or LA 301, and GB 201.

OT 442. Daniel and Zechariah.                       &nbs